The material stored in the museum reflects life, creations and spiritual experience of Lithuanian artists. The museum accumulates, preserves and examines showpieces related to the history of Lithuanian theatre, music and cinema; organizes collections' exhibitions and evenings in commemoration of various music, theatre and cinema artists.

NGA is a contemporary, multifunctional centre for art and culture, seeking a dialogue with society. This is a space for active communication where the audience can see the permanent exposition and temporary exhibitions as well as participate in cultural events, lectures and educational programmes.

In 1987, the reconstructed eastern block of the Old Arsenal housed the first exposition of applied arts of XIV-XX centuries. Now the ever increasing majority of the exhibition is taken up by unique treasures of old art, donated by various countries or acquired specifically for the interior of the reconstructed Royal Palace.

In year 1990, the first small exhibition was opened. One of the halls reminds the visitors of the palace owners – the famous noble Radvila family. The family had so much wealth and so many collections of art, that they could have easily competed with the Court. Creations by Italian, Flemish, Dutch, Spanish, French, German, Austrian and Russian painters and drawers are exhibited here.